Cognitive Processing Problems in Children: What Every Parent Should Know
As parents, we want to see our kids thrive academically and socially. But what happens when they seem to struggle more than their peers to keep up in school? You’ve probably heard terms like “processing speed” or “processing disorder” tossed around at parent-teacher conferences or in evaluations. But what do these terms mean? And more importantly, how do they affect your child’s day-to-day life?
Sometimes, the root of these challenges lies in something called cognitive processing an essential but often misunderstood part of how we learn and think. If you've ever wondered why your child needs extra time to complete homework or gets overwhelmed by multi-step instructions, this blog is for you. We explore what cognitive processing is, why it matters, and how to support your child if they’re facing cognitive processing difficulties.
What Is Cognitive Processing?
Cognitive processing refers to how the brain takes in information, makes sense of it, and responds. Think of it as the brain’s behind-the-scenes work that happens before your child speaks, writes, solves a math problem, or reacts to a situation.
There are different types of cognitive processing problems, such as:
Cognitive Processing Speed Challenges: How quickly your child can process and respond to information.
Auditory Processing Disorder (APD): Difficulty understanding and interpreting sounds, even when hearing is normal.
Visual Processing Disorder: Trouble interpreting visual information, like reading or recognizing patterns.
Sensory Processing Disorder: Affects how a child interprets sensory input, including sights, smells, touch, and movement.
Memory Challenges
Memory is how the brain stores, retains, and retrieves information. Problems with memory—whether it’s short-term (working memory) or long-term—can make it harder for kids to process and use information quickly. These children may need frequent reminders for routines or assignments. They may also forget what they’ve learned shorty after a lesson or activity.
Attention Challenges
Attention refers to the ability to focus on a task, filter out distractions, and maintain concentration. Children with attention difficulties, like ADHD, may have trouble sustaining focus on activities that require mental effort or staying on task for an extended period. This can contribute to processing speed challenges, as they might need more time to refocus and complete tasks.
Executive Functioning Challenges
Executive functioning refers to the mental processes that allow us to plan, organize, initiate, and complete tasks. It includes skills like time management, impulse control, and cognitive flexibility. A child with executive functioning difficulties may struggle to process information efficiently because they have trouble organizing thoughts, following through with plans, or managing multiple tasks at once.
What Does It Look Like in Real Life?
Kids with cognitive processing disorder might appear to be struggling in school, at home, or even in social settings. But what you’re seeing isn’t laziness or disinterest—it’s the result of their brain working overtime.
Here are some common signs:
At School: They may take longer to complete tests or assignments, struggle with multi-step instructions, or find it difficult to follow along in fast-paced lessons.
At Home: They might need more time to get ready in the morning, follow through on chores, or transition between activities.
Socially: They may feel left out of conversations or games because they can’t keep up with the pace of their peers.
For example, a teacher might say, “Your child knows the material but runs out of time on tests,” or, “They seem distracted during group activities.” At home, you might find yourself repeating instructions or wondering why it takes so long to complete simple tasks.
What Causes Cognitive Processing Problems?
Cognitive processing difficulties and slow processing speeds often stem from the way the brain is wired. They’re not something your child can “snap out of” or fix by trying harder. These challenges might be linked to:
Neurodevelopmental Conditions: Such as ADHD or autism.
Sensory Processing Issues: Difficulty interpreting sensory input (sound, sight, touch, etc.).
Learning Disabilities: Specific challenges like dyslexia (reading), dyscalculia (math) or dysgraphia (writing).
It’s also important to note that processing disorders don’t reflect intelligence. In fact, many kids with processing issues are incredibly bright, creative, and capable—they just need extra support.
The good news? Understanding the "why" is the first step toward finding strategies to help.
How Can You Support Your Child?
If you suspect your child has challenges with processing speed, a professional psychoeducational evaluation can provide clarity. These evaluations look at how your child learns, processes information, and performs academically. With this information, you can work with teachers and psychologists to create an action plan.
In the meantime, here are some practical tips for supporting your child:
Allow Extra Time: Whether it’s for homework, chores, or getting ready in the morning, give your child a little more time to process tasks.
Break Tasks into Smaller Steps: Instead of saying, “Clean your room,” try, “Pick up your clothes, then put your toys away.”
Use Visual Supports: Charts, checklists, and timers can help your child stay on track.
Practice Patience: Avoid rushing or interrupting them when they’re trying to think or respond.
Celebrate Progress: Recognize and praise their efforts, no matter how small. Confidence-building goes a long way!
When to Seek Help
If your child’s struggles with cognitive processing are interfering with their ability to succeed or feel confident, it might be time to seek professional support. At Tampa Pediatric Psychology, we specialize in psychoeducational evaluations to pinpoint areas of strength and support. Together, we can create a tailored plan to best support your child.
Remember, slower processing speed doesn’t define who your child is or limit their potential. Helping your child starts with understanding their unique needs. With the right strategies and support, they can thrive both in and out of the classroom. When you’re ready to take the next step, contact us to learn more.